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Question 1

Patient history: Luis, an 80-year-old retired school principal, was diagnosed with multiple myeloma 9 months ago, when he presented with fatigue and back pain. A bone marrow biopsy showed 65% plasma cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis detected a 17p gene deletion.

Initial laboratory results showed an IgG M-protein level of 4.0 g/dL. The creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, and calcium levels were within the normal ranges. Positron emission tomography revealed multiple metabolically active lytic bone lesions in the pelvis and vertebral body pedicles, with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 6.

  • Treatment regimen and response: Luis was considered ineligible for stem-cell transplantation owing to his age (≥79 years). Initial therapy consisted of daratumumab plus lenalidomide (25 mg/day, days 1-21) and dexamethasone (20 mg/week). Zoledronic acid has been administered monthly since diagnosis to reduce pain and prevent further skeletal events.

    Luis achieved very good partial response (VGPR) after 6 cycles of DRd, showing a 90% reduction in M-protein levels.

  • Current presentation: Luis says that his back pain and body aches have improved over the past months. However, he complains of fatigue, weakness, severe paresthesia, and balance problems. He is also experiencing insomnia and irritability. His family reports that Luis needs assistance with tasks of daily functioning and self-care. His ECOG performance status score is 2.

    Laboratory results show that Luis has maintained VGPR. Chemistry tests reveal mild hypercalcemia (10.4 mg/dL). The creatinine clearance rate has remained stable (CrCl: 90 mL/min). Hematology tests indicate anemia (Hb: 8.2 g/dL), neutropenia (ANC: 0.8 x 10/L), and moderate thrombocytopenia (60,000/mcL).

    Positron emission tomography shows resolution of metabolic activity in the osteolytic lesions, indicated by a reduction in SUV compared to previous scans.

  • Challenge: Luis is experiencing grade 1 peripheral neuropathy and cytopenias related to the treatment regimen. His adherence to the oral medications has decreased over the past 2 months.

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References:

1. Grammatico S, Cesini L, Petrucci MT. Managing treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood Lymphat Cancer 2016; 6:37-47.

2. Montefusco V, Cafro AM, Margiotta Casaluci G, Patriarca F, Mina R, D’Agostino M, et al. P39 DEDALO: PHASE II STUDY OF DARATUMUMAB PLUS POMALIDOMIDE AND DEXAMETHASONE (DPD) IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND 17P DELETION. Hemasphere 2023;7(Suppl ):32-33.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171702/

3. Sonneveld P, Chanan-Khan A, Weisel K, Nooka AK, Masszi T, Beksac M, et al. Overall Survival with Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone in Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma (CASTOR): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023;41(8):1600-1609.

4. Costa LJ et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel vs standard of care in patients with functional high-risk multiple myeloma: CARTITUDE-4 subgroup analysis. J Clin Oncol 2024. 42:16. https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.7504

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